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In that way, checking for the presence of specific immunoglobulins in the blood can be helpful in diagnosing or ruling out infections or certain other illnesses. A person can be born with an immunodeficiency or acquire it through infection, disease, malnutrition, burns, or as a side effect of medicines.

Doctors may suspect an immunodeficiency in a child who experiences frequent or unusual infections. Immunoglobulin levels are also used as part of an evaluation for autoimmune conditions such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis , lupus , and celiac disease. Your doctor will tell you if any special preparations are required before this test. On the day of the test, it may help to have your child wear a T-shirt or short-sleeved shirt to allow easier access for the technician who will be drawing the blood.

A health professional will usually draw the blood from a vein. For an infant, the blood may be obtained by puncturing the heel with a small needle lancet. If the blood is being drawn from a vein, the skin surface is cleaned with antiseptic, and an elastic band tourniquet is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and cause the veins to swell with blood.

A needle is inserted into a vein usually in the arm inside of the elbow or on the back of the hand and blood is withdrawn and collected in a vial or syringe. After the procedure, the elastic band is removed. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed and the area is covered with cotton or a bandage to stop the bleeding. Collecting blood for this test will only take a few minutes.

Either method heel or vein withdrawal of collecting a sample of blood is only temporarily uncomfortable and can feel like a quick pinprick. Afterward, there may be some mild bruising, which should go away in a day or so. The blood sample will be processed by a machine. The results are commonly available within a few days. If results suggest any abnormality, the doctor will likely perform further tests. The immunoglobulin test is considered a safe procedure. However, as with many medical tests, some problems can occur with having blood drawn, like:.

Having a blood test is relatively painless. Still, many children are afraid of needles. Explaining the test in terms your child can understand might help ease some of the fear. Allow your child to ask the technician any questions he or she might have.

Tell your child to try to relax during the procedure, as tense muscles can make it harder and more painful to draw blood. It also may help for your child to look away when the needle is being inserted into the skin. If you have questions about the immunoglobulin test, speak with your doctor. You also can talk to the technician before the procedure. Note: All information on KidsHealth is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.

All rights reserved. Find a Doctor. About Us. Community Programs. California Kids Care. International Services. Video Visits: Telemedicine. Locations Main Campus. This indicates that an infection began during pregnancy. Infants with otherwise normal immune systems may have temporarily decreased IgG levels when production is delayed. Protection from infections is lost as concentrations of the mother's IgG in the baby's blood decrease over several months.

This creates a period of time during which the baby is at an increased risk for recurrent infections. However, infants who are breastfed acquire IgA from breast milk. The IgA in breast milk can be protective against infections, particularly in the time between the decrease of mother's antibodies and the production of the baby's own antibodies.

In most cases, immunoglobulins do not respond to lifestyle changes. If you are taking a drug that is decreasing one or more of your immunoglobulins, then you and your healthcare practitioner may decide to alter your medications. It is very important, however, NOT to discontinue or change your medication dosage without consulting with your healthcare provider.

Infants gradually lose protection from infections as the levels of IgG they receive through the placenta from their mothers decrease after birth. Greater protection can be provided for babies through breastfeeding since breast milk contains IgA, which protects against infections.

Not specific ones. Unexplained recurrent infections, multiple infections, or opportunistic infections, with or without chronic diarrhea, may indicate a need to check a person's immune status. A positive family history of an immunodeficiency may also require follow up. A thorough physical examination and a careful medical history can be critical to a diagnosis.

In such cases, a quantitative immunoglobulin test is often performed along with tests such as serum and urine protein electrophoresis to help establish a diagnosis. Specific Disease Types. Mayer, G. Accessed June KidsHealth from Nemours [On-line information]. Dugdale, D. Updated June Quantitative immunoglobulins — nephelometry. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information].

Delgado, J. Updated January. Immunoglobulin Disorders. Lin, R. Updated August Hypogammaglobulinemia eMedicine [On-line information]. Bascom, R. Updated September Immunoglobulin A Deficiency.

Hussain, I. Updated July Immunoglobulin M Deficiency. Updated July 9. Immunoglobulin G Deficiency. Dibbern Jr, D. Updated December 2. Immunoglobulin D Deficiency. Pagana, K. Pp Wu, A. Louis, MO. Immunodeficiency Disorders. Saunders:New York, Pp , Louis: Elsevier Saunders; Pp , , Vadde, R. Updated July 1. Medscape Reference [On-line information]. Accessed March Updated November Immunoglobulin Disorders. Durani, Y. Reviewed October. Immune System. Updated June 5. Quantitative nephelometry.

Revised June Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia. American Cancer Society [On-line information]. Clarke, W. McPherson, R. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology.

Also Known As. Formal Name. At a Glance. Why Get Tested? When To Get Tested? Sample Required? Test Preparation Needed? What is being tested? Classes of immunoglobulins include: Immunoglobulin M IgM — IgM antibodies are produced as a body's first response to a new infection or to a new "non-self" antigen, providing short-term protection. They increase for several weeks and then decline as IgG production begins. Specific IgG antibodies are produced during an initial infection or other antigen exposure, rising a few weeks after it begins, then decreasing and stabilizing.

The body retains a catalog of IgG antibodies that can be rapidly reproduced whenever exposed to the same antigen. IgG antibodies form the basis of long-term protection against microorganisms. In those with a normal immune system, sufficient IgG is produced to prevent re-infection.